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Lyophilization technology refers to an advanced drying technique that preserves the form and composition of a substance by freezing its moisture at low temperatures and then subjecting it to sublimation drying in a vacuum environment. This technology is commonly used for the preservation and processing of food, pharmaceuticals, biological products, medicinal materials, etc. The following are the core points of freeze-drying machine technology:
1. Working principle
Freezing stage: Place the substance to be processed (such as food and medicine) into a freeze dryer, and freeze the moisture in the substance into solid ice crystals through a low-temperature environment.
Sublimation drying stage (primary drying): In a vacuum environment, the frozen substance is heated to directly sublime the ice crystals into water vapor, which is then captured by a condenser to remove most of the moisture in the substance. The temperature at this stage is relatively low to avoid thermal denaturation of the substance.
Desorption drying stage (secondary drying): further reducing residual moisture in the substance to ensure that the dried product has a longer shelf life and stability. At this stage, the temperature gradually increases but remains within the tolerance range of the substance.
2. Technical advantages
Preserving product characteristics: The freeze-drying process is carried out at low temperatures, avoiding the damage to nutrients, active ingredients, and structure that may occur during high-temperature drying, and preserving the original characteristics of the substance.
Long term storage: The freeze-dried product has extremely low moisture content, preventing microbial growth and significantly slowing down the oxidation reaction rate. Therefore, the product can be stored for a long time without deterioration.
Quick rehydration: Freeze dried products have good rehydration properties, and can be quickly restored to their original state by adding an appropriate amount of water, maintaining their original taste, shape, and function.
3. Application Fields
Food industry: producing freeze-dried fruits, freeze-dried vegetables, freeze-dried meat, ready to eat foods, etc.
Pharmaceutical industry: producing vaccines, blood products, pharmaceutical preparations, etc.
Biotechnology: Preserving biological products such as cells, tissues, enzymes, proteins, etc. to ensure their activity.
Chemistry and Materials Science: Drying sensitive chemicals, nanomaterials, catalysts, etc. to maintain their performance and activity.
Cultural relic protection: Drying treatment is carried out on water immersed cultural relics, ancient documents, etc. to protect their structure and form.
4. Key technical parameters
Vacuum degree: Control the internal vacuum degree of the system to ensure smooth sublimation process. The higher the vacuum degree, the faster the sublimation, but it is necessary to balance the drying speed and structural maintenance of the product.
Temperature control: During each drying stage, control the temperature to meet the freeze-drying requirements of different substances and avoid product denaturation or damage.
Drying time: Determine the appropriate drying time based on the characteristics of the product and freeze-drying requirements to ensure the quality of the product.
5. Equipment type
Laboratory type freeze-drying machine: used for researching and developing freeze-drying technology for small batch samples, suitable for research institutions and university laboratories.
Industrial freeze dryer: used for large-scale production and processing, widely used in industries such as food, medicine, cosmetics, etc.
Household freeze-drying machine: for use by households or small businesses, used for making healthy food, preserving nutrients, etc.
6. Future Development
Energy saving: Optimize energy use, reduce energy consumption and environmental impact during freeze-drying process.
Intelligent control: Adopting an intelligent control system to achieve automatic adjustment of temperature and vacuum degree, improving freeze-drying efficiency and product quality.
More extensive application areas: With the continuous advancement of freeze-drying technology, it will be expanded to more industries and application scenarios, such as space food and material preservation in the environment.
Through the overview of the above technical points, it can be seen that freeze-drying machine technology is playing an increasingly important role in modern technology and life, with broad development prospects and application potential.
